西藏草原5种主要有毒植物营养成分

采用国家标准法对西藏天然草原茎直黄芪(Astragalus strictus)、甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis)、毛瓣棘豆(Oxytropis sericopetala)、瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)和藏橐吾(Ligularia rumicifolia)5种主要有毒植物不同物候期常规营养成分和矿质元素含量进行测定。结果显示,在5种植物中,粗蛋白平均含量以茎直黄芪最高,其次为甘肃棘豆,且两者粗蛋白含量均超过19%;茎直黄芪中花期粗蛋白含量最高,花前期最低,花期和花果期差异不显著(P0.05);而甘肃棘豆中粗蛋白含量以花前期最高,花果期最低,花前期和花期差异不显著。粗纤维平均含量由高到低依次为毛瓣棘豆、藏橐吾、茎直黄芪、甘肃棘豆和瑞香狼毒,且均以花果期最高,花前期最低。5种植物Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn和Zn含量均以花前期最高,花期次之,花果期最低;但Se含量花果期相对较高。由此得出,茎直黄芪和甘肃棘豆营养较为丰富,具有潜在饲用价值,毛瓣棘豆、瑞香狼毒和藏橐吾营养价值偏低。     

Quantitative CT assessment of bone mineral density in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism

Canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is one of the most common causes of general osteopenia. In this study, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to compare the bone mineral densities (BMD) between 39 normal dogs and 8 dogs with HAC (6 pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism [PDH]; pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism, 2 adrenal hyperadrenocorticism [ADH]; adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism) diagnosed through hormonal assay. A computed tomogaraphy scan of the 12th thoracic to 7th lumbar vertebra was performed and the region of interest was drawn in each trabecular and cortical bone. Mean Hounsfield unit values were converted to equivalent BMD with bone-density phantom by linear regression analysis. The converted mean trabecular BMDs were significantly lower than those of normal dogs. ADH dogs showed significantly lower BMDs at cortical bone than normal dogs. Mean trabecular BMDs of dogs with PDH using QCT were significantly lower than those of normal dogs, and both mean trabecular and cortical BMDs in dogs with ADH were significantly lower than those of normal dogs. Taken together, these findings indicate that QCT is useful to assess BMD in dogs with HAC.     

葡萄果实发育不良与矿质元素关系的研究

为探明葡萄果实发育不良成因,以保定市清苑县南蛮营村葡萄园的土壤、叶片及一年生蔓为试验材料,测定其矿质元素含量。结果表明：发育正常与发育不良的葡萄树相比,发育正常树下的土壤碱解氮含量高30%、土壤全磷含量高105%、土壤速效磷高811%;发育正常与发育不良的葡萄树相比,发育正常树叶片P、Ca和Mn含量分别高30%、13%和33%;发育正常与发育不良的葡萄树相比,发育正常树主蔓N和Mn含量分布高31%和20%。     

Study on the Nutritional-ecologic Environment of Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Se in Yili Summer Pasture of Xinjiang (Ⅰ)

This experiment objective was to study the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se five kinds of trace element contents, distribution characteristics and mutual relations in the soil-grass-water (stream) in Yili pastoral area of Xinjiang, to evaluate the trace elements nutritional-ecologic environment of Yili summer pasture in Xinjiang.At the altitudinal belt of 1400 to 2999 m of the summer pasture of the Karajon grassland (South slope) and Tangbula grassland (North slope) of Yili, Xinjiang, the samples of soil (n=75), herbage (n=75), stream water (n=75) were collected according to the altitude, to determine their contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se for evaluating the nutritional-ecologic environment of trace elements of Yili summer pasture.The results showed that the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn in the soil of summer pasture on average were 15 418.4, 32.6, 474.5 and 115.8 mg/kg, respectively;And 446.0, 7.8, 85.7 and 41.9 mg/kg, respectively in forage;The correlation (R²) of the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn between soil and forage were 0.43, 0.82, 0.47 and 0.72, respectively;The changes of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents in the soil and forage were not significantly related with the altitude.There were no the 4 elements mentioned above in river streams, there was no Se in the soil and forage, and there was infinitesimal of Se in the river streams.It was concluded that in Yili summer pasture there were excessive Fe, suitable Zn and Mn, insufficient Cu, and more insufficient Se.     

我国橡实资源的开发利用

我国橡实资源非常丰富 ,有 7属 3 0 0多种 ,分布广泛 .据统计 ,我国约有橡实林 1.3 3× 10 7～ 1.67× 10 7hm2 ,年产橡实 60～ 70亿 kg.橡实营养丰富 ,橡仁含淀粉 5 0 %～ 70 %、可溶性糖 2 %～ 8%、单宁 0 .2 6%～ 17.74%、蛋白质 1.17%～ 8.72 %、油脂1.0 4%～ 6.86%、粗纤维 1.13 %～ 5 .89%、灰分 1.3 0 %～ 3 .40 % ;橡壳也含有大量的色素和单宁等成分 .橡实全身是宝 ,其开发利用的前景十分广阔 .对橡仁、橡壳进行综合利用 ,可以生产出淀粉、色素及一系列副产品 ,利用率将近 10 0 % ,几乎不产生任何污染 .同时还可以将橡实淀粉加工成变性淀粉等系列产品 ,从而提高产品的科技含量和经济价值 .我国橡实资源的开发利用不容乐观 ,存在资源破坏严重等系列问题 .为此 ,提出了旨在充分发挥资源优势、扩大利用规模、提高经济效益的开发利用的对策 .     

黑枣苗氮磷营养及经济施肥的研究

试验采用苗床施肥，结果表明，肥料用量适宜促进营养元素吸收利用，７～８月份苗木叶片含氮量３．５％～４．０％、含磷量０．２％～０．３％、含钾量１．０％或稍高时，苗木生长良好。在该试验条件下，施Ｐ２Ｏ５１２０ｋｇ／ｈａ、施纯氮１８０ｋｇ／ｈａ左右，幼苗产量、质量及施肥利润均达到较高水平。     

杉木连栽幼林生长量、营养元素和土壤肥力的比较

结果表明：杉木连栽引起林地肥力减退，土壤地力衰退程度与前茬林生长周期有关。头茬杉木林周期短（14a）的二耕土上连栽的杉木长势较好，头茬杉木林周期长（24a）的二耕土上连栽的杉木幼树长势极差。林地施肥后并没有促进杉木幼树恢复生长。原因在于杉木幼树根系受到土壤中有毒物质毒害，根系腐烂，不能从土壤中吸收养分。建议采取生物工程措施解决杉木连裁地力减退问题。     

鲜食山楂新品种选育研究报告

在山楂资源调查的基础上 ,从 37份品种 (品系 )中 ,经 10多年的栽培调查试验 ,选育出具鲜食特色的山楂新品种甜红子、面红子和毛红子。 3个品种的可溶性糖含量均超过 10 % ,糖酸比值大 ,营养丰富 ,鲜食甜酸适口、香味浓郁、风味极佳 ,是我国稀有的适于鲜食的山楂珍品。同时对其生物学特性、栽培丰产性能进行了观察研究 ,并对果实主要营养成分进行了测定分析     

加杨插条苗对氮磷反应的研究

加杨插条苗对培养液中氮磷营养水平反应敏感,在不同营养条件下,苗木对氮磷钾营养元素吸收、体内氮磷比值(N/P)、水分代谢和蛋白质合成作用等,有不同反应,因而幼苗生长状况表现出较大差异。试验研究结果表明,培养液中氮200ppm、磷60ppm时,加杨插条苗生理指标反应较好,幼苗长势旺盛。     

雷竹开花期内源激素、氨基酸和营养成分含量变化

竹类植物开花较罕见 ,对其开花的原因也有不同的学说 ,如病理学说、营养学说、周期学说、个体变异和突变学说、气候学说等 (毛高喜等 ,1996 ;周芳纯 ,1998) ,但有学者认为内源激素对植物的开花有一定的调节作用 (王锋 ,1990 ;梁武元等 ,1986 ;王白坡等 ,1999;马国华等 ,1995 ;王彦清等 ,1998;陆军等 ,1993)。根据植物生长习性 ,开花植物有 2种不同衰老方式。其中一类是一生中只开一次花 ,即在开花结实后整株植株就衰老死亡 ,这类植物称为单稔植物 ,竹类植物就属于这一类植物。植物内源激素是体内十分重要的活性物质 ,它参与并调整植物的新陈…